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Adopt ≠ Adapt: Longitudinal Analyses of LLM Conversations in the Wild

Rebecca M. M. Hicke, Kiran Tomlinson

arXiv preprint · First arXiv submission

Compares individual and population-level usage patterns in Bing Copilot with analyses of WildChat-4.8M. The study separates changes over a user's trajectory from differences between users, and uses the cross-platform comparison to examine how WildChat's sample differs.

Dataset and scope

WildChat-4.8M, with hashed-IP filters and a main-analysis cutoff before September 2024 to reduce later API-like activity.

Selected finding

WildChat users' intent and domain distributions more closely resemble high-activity Copilot users than low-activity users; hashed IPs remain an imperfect proxy for individuals.

Section 3.2 describes the WildChat filters and time cutoff; Section 6 and Figure 6 compare activity groups across the two sources. Read the source.

Dates and versions

First arXiv version; annotation follows the August 2026 revision. ArXiv version history.

Cites the arXiv preprint with its original 2026 preprint year. The annotation follows the August 2026 revision.

The annotation describes the linked source version. Consult the paper for its full methods, assumptions, and limitations.

Cite this paper

Rebecca M. M. Hicke, Kiran Tomlinson. 2026. Adopt ≠ Adapt: Longitudinal Analyses of LLM Conversations in the Wild. arXiv preprint.

Show BibTeX
@misc{hicke2026adoptadapt,
  title = {{Adopt ≠ Adapt: Longitudinal Analyses of LLM Conversations in the Wild}},
  author = {Hicke, Rebecca M. M. and Tomlinson, Kiran},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2605.29018},
  eprint = {2605.29018},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29018}
}

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